Why some believe the combination of AI and nuclear power may be catastrophic

The convergence of artificial intelligence and nuclear power has sparked debate about energy sourcing for technology infrastructure, particularly following Microsoft’s agreement to restart Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant for AI data center operations.

Key concerns and context: The combination of AI’s growing energy demands and nuclear power raises significant safety and economic considerations.

• The Three Mile Island facility, site of America’s worst commercial nuclear accident, will receive substantial government subsidies alongside Microsoft’s investment to power AI operations
• Nuclear power plants require billions in construction and upgrade costs, typically relying heavily on tax dollars, credits, and increased ratepayer fees
• Mark Jacobson, Stanford’s atmosphere and energy program director, argues that nuclear power investments divert resources from cleaner renewable alternatives

Economic implications: Nuclear power presents substantial financial burdens that ultimately impact taxpayers and consumers.

• California’s decision to extend Diablo Nuclear Power Plant’s operational life will result in some of the nation’s highest electricity rates
• The state has already achieved significant renewable energy capacity, with 13,391 MW of battery storage exceeding Diablo Canyon’s 2,200 MW output
• Without government subsidies, nuclear-powered AI data centers may not be financially viable

Safety and environmental concerns: Nuclear power poses unique risks that extend far into the future.

• Nuclear accidents like Fukushima, Chernobyl, and Three Mile Island demonstrate real-world catastrophic potential
• The absence of long-term nuclear waste disposal solutions creates environmental risks spanning thousands of years
• Young children face particular vulnerability to radiation exposure in the event of accidents
• Nuclear facilities can face unexpected safety challenges, as illustrated by Diablo Canyon’s location on previously unknown earthquake faults

Alternative solutions: Renewable energy offers a safer, more sustainable path forward for powering AI infrastructure.

• Tech companies could prioritize developing more energy-efficient data center operations
• Investment in clean renewable energy infrastructure could provide safer alternatives to nuclear power
• California’s successful transition to renewable energy demonstrates viable alternatives to nuclear power

Looking ahead: The intersection of AI and energy infrastructure requires careful consideration of long-term implications and alternatives, with renewable energy solutions potentially offering more sustainable and safer options for meeting growing technological energy demands without the inherent risks and financial burdens associated with nuclear power.