Why clean energy and AI need each other

The AI-Clean Energy Nexus: A Crucial Intersection for Global Leadership: The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is creating unprecedented demand for concentrated and consistent power, presenting both challenges and opportunities for the clean energy sector and global economic leadership.

The Power Demands of AI: A Game-Changing Shift: The energy requirements of AI data centers are reshaping the landscape of electricity consumption, with significant implications for grid infrastructure and power generation.

• AI data centers could add the equivalent of three New York Cities’ worth of load to the US power grid by 2026, potentially doubling their share of national electricity consumption to 9% by 2030.
• Advanced AI chips are driving this growth, with a single ChatGPT query consuming ten times more electricity than a simple Google search.
• AI facilities require uniquely power-dense infrastructure, needing more energy per server rack and per square foot than traditional data centers.
• These data centers demand steady, reliable power 24/7, with an uptime of 99.999% annually.

The Clean Energy Challenge: Scaling Up to Meet AI’s Needs: The rapid growth in power demand is outpacing the expansion of clean electricity infrastructure, creating potential roadblocks for both AI development and clean energy goals.

• Over 1,500 gigawatts of capacity are waiting to connect to the US grid, with transmission line construction times stretching into decades.
• Some argue that meeting AI’s power demands will require expanding fossil fuel use, potentially compromising clean energy commitments.
• However, relying on fossil fuels threatens both ecological sustainability and national competitiveness in emerging clean technology markets.

Novel Clean Energy Solutions: Matching AI’s Power Density: The unique power requirements of AI data centers present an opportunity to accelerate the development and deployment of next-generation clean energy technologies.

• Advanced nuclear fission, next-generation geothermal power, and potentially nuclear fusion offer promising solutions for providing concentrated, reliable baseload power.
• These technologies can produce large amounts of energy in relatively small footprints, aligning with AI’s demand for dense power sources.
• New electricity infrastructure enhancements, such as advanced conductors and next-generation transformers, will be crucial for efficiently delivering power to AI facilities.

Synergies Between AI and Clean Energy: The convergence of AI and energy technologies creates a mutually beneficial relationship, accelerating development in both sectors.

• AI serves as a powerful tool for research and development in clean energy, accelerating materials design and manufacturing processes.
• AI is already being used to overcome barriers in fusion research, geothermal resource discovery, and power plant optimization.
• Large tech companies are emerging as new buyers for clean energy, willing to pay premiums for reliable, 24/7 clean power and driving innovation in the sector.

Geopolitical Implications: The Race for AI and Clean Energy Dominance: The country that successfully scales up access to reliable baseload power will likely attract AI infrastructure and reap the socioeconomic benefits of innovation in both AI and clean energy.

• China currently leads in clean energy development, having commissioned 37 nuclear power plants in the last decade compared to two in the United States.
• China is also outspending the US two to one on nuclear fusion research.
• The US risks falling behind in both AI and clean energy leadership if it fails to leverage the synergies between these sectors.

A Call to Action: Seizing the Opportunity: The United States and US-based technology companies have a unique opportunity to leverage AI’s power demand to scale next-generation clean energy technologies, potentially reversing current trends and securing global leadership in both sectors.